Advancing the application of systems thinking in health: exploring dual practice and its management in Kampala, Uganda

Many full-time Ugandan government health providers take on additional jobs – a phenomenon called dual practice. We describe the complex patterns that characterize the evolution of dual practice in Uganda, and the local management practices that emerged in response, in five government facilities : Dual practice prevails because public and private sector incentives, non-financial and financial, are complementary. Understanding how dual practice evolves and how it is managed locally is essential for health workforce policy, planning, and performance discussions in Uganda and similar settings.

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Paina L, Bennett S, Ssengooba F, Peters D. Advancing the application of systems thinking in health: exploring dual practice and its management in Kampala, Uganda. Health Research Policy and Systems. 2014;12(41). doi:10.1186/1478-4505-12-41